Uplink Control Channel Allocation in a Communication System and Communicating the Allocation

ABSTRACT

Various methods of allocating uplink control channels in a communication system are implemented at a resource scheduler or a user equipment (UE). In one method the scheduler reserves resources for a downlink data channel and signals a corresponding downlink data channel grant and also reserves resources for a persistent uplink control channel for a longer duration than the data channel grant. Signaling overhead associated with a grant for this persistent uplink control channel is reduced over a full dynamic grant. A predetermined rule can be used at the scheduler and at the UE to avoid overhead signaling associated with a grant for this persistent control channel. Predetermined rules at the UE and scheduler can also be used to reserve appropriate resources and select appropriate MCS levels for control information and the control information and uplink data can be transported over a common uplink channel when a time overlap occurs between an uplink data channel and the persistent control channel.

PRIORITY CLAIM

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/960,516, entitled “Uplink Control Channel Allocation in aCommunication System and Communicating the Allocation”, filed on Dec. 7,2015, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/090,917, entitled “Uplink Control Channel Allocation in aCommunication System and Communicating the Allocation”, filed on Nov.26, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,210,699, which is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 11/725,422, of the same title, filed on Mar.19, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,724,556, which are fully incorporatedherein by reference for all purposes and to the extent not inconsistentwith this application.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates in general to communication systems and equipmentand more specifically to techniques and apparatus for allocatingresources for communication channels.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Communications systems and equipment are known and continue to evolve.Many of these systems now have uplink data channels and downlink datachannels as well as uplink and downlink control channels. Many of thesechannels are further distinguished in varying manners. Generally thecontrol channels are used to establish control parameters for thesystems and equipment and in the allocation of communication resourcesamong user equipment (UE). The control schemes also consider batterylife for UEs and thus are designed to limit the time and extent thateach UE is operational.

In an effort to provide as many services to as many users on an asneeded basis as possible given a finite resource (spectrum allocation),proposed systems carefully control UE access to almost all of thespectral resources. This approach helps insure that resources are onlyallocated when a need exists and when such resources serve the intendedpurpose. For instance in a proposed Long Term Evolution (LTE) system nowbeing developed, a UE only has access to limited channels, e.g.,synchronization channel (SCH), broadcast channel(s) (BCH), referencesignal (RS), a Random Access Channel (ASYNCH RACH, SYNCH RACH) and apaging channel (PCH) until some form of allocation or grant is providedto the UE by the system infrastructure (ENodeB or scheduler). Thisgenerally includes grants or allocations for each use of an uplinkcontrol channel or uplink and downlink data channel.

One of the concerns with this allocation approach, is the notion thateach allocation requires some system overhead (messages between the UEand scheduler, ACK/NACKSs, etc). System overhead as it grows chips awayat system capacity and thus is at odds with the objective of maximizingservice availability.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying figures where like reference numerals refer toidentical or functionally similar elements throughout the separate viewsand which together with the detailed description below are incorporatedin and form part of the specification, serve to further illustratevarious embodiments and to explain various principles and advantages allin accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 1 depicts in a simplified and representative form, a high leveldiagram of a communications system and a plurality of user equipment(UE) in accordance with one or more embodiments;

FIG. 2 in a simplified form, shows a diagram of representative messagesthat can be exchanged in the system of FIG. 1 which serve to illustrateeither by inclusion or exclusion messages or interaction between variousFIG. 1 entities in accordance with one or more embodiments;

FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of processes for allocating control channelsexecuted at a scheduler or UE in accordance with one or moreembodiments;

FIG. 4 shows another flow chart of processes for allocating controlchannels executed at a scheduler or UE in accordance with one or moreembodiments;

FIG. 5 shows yet another flow chart of processes for allocating controlchannels executed at a scheduler or UE in accordance with one or moreembodiments; and

FIG. 6 illustrates a flow chart of processes for allocating controlchannels executed at a UE in accordance with one or more embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In overview, the present disclosure concerns communication systems andequipment, e.g., resource schedulers and user equipment (UE), and morespecifically techniques and approaches for allocation or configurationof uplink control channels. More particularly various inventive conceptsand principles embodied in methods and apparatus, which are arranged toreduce or eliminate overhead associated with setting up or providing agrant for such control channels will be discussed and disclosed.

The communication systems, resource schedulers, UEs and methods thereinof particular interest may vary widely but include such apparatus andmethods suitable for utilization in systems using air interfaces beingproposed and developed, such as the Evolved-Universal Terrestrial RadioAccess (E-UTRA) standards within the long term evolution (LTE) systemwork under the auspices of the third generation partnership project(3GPP). These air interface standards are defined or organized such thataccess by a UE to most resources (frequency allocations over time) areallowed only based on UE requests and grants. Control channels andassociated requests and grants as well as other overhead can use asignificant amount of total system capacity. This overhead can bereduced using one or more embodiments of the methods and techniques ofallocating uplink control channels, provided they are practiced inaccordance with the inventive concepts and principles as taught herein.

The instant disclosure is provided to further explain in an enablingfashion the best modes, at the time of the application, of making andusing various embodiments in accordance with the present invention. Thedisclosure is further offered to enhance an understanding andappreciation for the inventive principles and advantages thereof, ratherthan to limit in any manner the invention. The invention is definedsolely by the appended claims including any amendments made during thependency of this application and all equivalents of those claims asissued.

It is further understood that the use of relational terms, if any, suchas first and second, top and bottom, and the like are used solely todistinguish one from another entity or action without necessarilyrequiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between suchentities or actions.

Much of the inventive functionality and many of the inventive principlesare best implemented with or in integrated circuits (ICs) includingpossibly application specific ICs or ICs with integrated processingcontrolled by embedded software or firmware. It is expected that one ofordinary skill, notwithstanding possibly significant effort and manydesign choices motivated by, for example, available time, currenttechnology, and economic considerations, when guided by the concepts andprinciples disclosed herein will be readily capable of generating suchsoftware instructions and programs and ICs with minimal experimentation.Therefore, in the interest of brevity and minimization of any risk ofobscuring the principles and concepts according to the presentinvention, further discussion of such software and ICs, if any, will belimited to the essentials with respect to the principles and concepts ofthe various embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 1, a simplified and representative form, a high leveldiagram of a communications system and a plurality of user equipment(UE) in accordance with one or more embodiment will be briefly discussedand described. FIG. 1 will help establish some context for followingdiscussions and serve to familiarize the reader with some vocabulary andthe like. FIG. 1 shows a communication system or infrastructure 100 thatis arranged and configured to provide services via wireless links to aplurality of UEs (two shown) 103, 105. The infrastructure includes anevolved Node-B (Enode-B) 107 which includes a scheduler or resourcescheduler. The Enode-B is normally coupled to a switching center of someform and from there to other public switched networks, e.g., publicswitched telephone network, Internet, or other packet and possiblycircuit switched networks.

Enode-B 107 is also, as shown, coupled to and responsible forcontrolling one or more base stations 109, 111, 113. Base station orBase Site (BS) 111 is coupled, via a wireless channel, to UE 103 andthus is referred to as the serving BS for UE 103, while BS 109 is theserving BS for UE 105. Each BS is normally the serving BS for amultiplicity of UEs. In many systems the serving BS is responsible foror provides appropriate instructions to the served UEs to establishdesired transmitter power levels and insure synchronization (propertiming) between the BS and UE. The ENode-B, specifically resourcescheduler and corresponding functions is arranged and configured to orfor allocating resources among control and data channels for bothdownlink and uplink transmissions to or from UEs (downlink is from thebase station to the UE and uplink is from the UE to the base station).Pursuant to scheduling, the scheduler attempts to provide reasonablyfair access to desired resources for all UEs on as needed and availablebasis. The scheduler must consider available resources (subcarriers andtime slots), channel quality, UE capabilities and limitations,anticipated type of data transfer, QoS expectations or requirements,system constraints, and various other factors. Generally the scheduleroperates or manages resources by issuing or signaling channel grants tospecific UEs, where these grants may be driven or initiated by datadownload requirements or responsive to a call request from a UE.

The E-UTRA system operates with a scalable bandwidth from 1.25-20 MHz,uplink channel is SC-FDMA with up to 1201 subcarriers at a 15 KHzspacing and 1.0 mille seconds (ms) subframes on consecutive 0.5 ms timeslots. One constraint that is placed on the E-UTRA system is the resultof using the SC-FDMA uplink physical channel and a desire for simplecost effective UE. The resultant air interface standards mandate thatall uplink transmissions from a given UE during a given time slot willbe on contiguous or adjacent subcarriers or equally spaced subcarriers.With this constraint, UE can transmit signals with overall smaller peakto average levels, which allows for less expensive transmitters andlonger battery life.

Referring to FIG. 2, a simplified diagram of representative andexemplary messages that can be exchanged in the system of FIG. 1 andwhich serve to illustrate either by inclusion or exclusion messages orinteraction between FIG. 1 entities in accordance with one or moreembodiments will be briefly discussed and described. It will beappreciated that the exact messages and forms thereof as exemplified byFIG. 2 may be changed in practice or as standards are developed so longas similar or functionally equivalent interactions are supported. FIG. 2is often referred to as a bounce or ladder diagram with time increasingfrom top to bottom and shows the origin and destination entities forvarious messages and in some instances the causal relationship betweenthose interactions. The relevant entities, shown across the top portionof FIG. 2, include a UE, e.g., UE 103, a serving BS, e.g., serving BS111, and a scheduler or resource scheduler, e.g., ENode-B scheduler 107.

At the top of FIG. 2, the infrastructure or scheduler 107 has a messageto be delivered or downloaded via a downlink through serving BS 111 toUE 103. A downlink message is transmitted over a paging channel 201,where this message identifies the specific UE (here UE #213) as well asan acknowledgment code (ACK code #1) to be used by the UE. In thisinstance the UE was in an idle mode (low battery consumption mode) andmerely waking up on a schedule, known to the scheduler, essentially tosee whether any messages are available for the UE. Upon receipt of thepage, UE 103 (identified as UE #213) responds on an asynchronous randomaccess channel (ASYNCH RACH) 203 with the designated ACK code #1 203. Byspecifying an ACK code, responses (ACKs) from multiple UEs can bedistinguished at the serving BS. UEs when responding from an idle statedo so at a relatively low power level and thus sometimes as here theserving BS 111 does not receive the ACK and thus does not respond to theUE 204. The UE after a wait period of time and at a higher power levelagain responds 205 with ACK code #1.

In this instance, the serving BS 111 receives the ACK and responds on arandom access channel (RACH) 207 with a timing adjustment and poweradjustment instruction to the specific UE, i.e., UE #213. At this pointthe UE is synchronized to the serving BS and its transmit power level isappropriately adjusted. The ASYNCH RACH and RACH are channels that areshared by all UEs within the area or cell being served by a givenserving BS. Note that if an idle UE had a message or data to send, themessage exchange would be initiated by the UE on the ASYNCH RACH with ashort message (RACH request) indicating that UE code#1 has a message tosend and after essentially the exchange above the UE would besynchronized and know the proper power level.

In FIG. 2 after synchronization message 207, the UE receives an uplinkchannel grant from the scheduler through the BS via a message over adownlink (DL) control channel 209. This downlink control message at 209includes an uplink data non-associated (DNA) control channel grant,specifically indicating that the UE should use uplink (UL) controlchannel (CC) X,Y,T, for CQI and ACK/NACK messages, where X,Y denotes thecontrol channel (e.g., partitioning of the uplink dedicated controlchannel, which is a group of subcarriers and spreading codes), T denotestiming information associated with the grant, CQI denotes channelquality indications, and ACK/NACK denotesacknowledgment/non-acknowledgement.

In most systems and as presently proposed for E-UTRA where resources arecarefully and closely scheduled, the UL CC grant is a one time ordynamic grant which is sent to the UE each time a DNA message is desiredor expected by the scheduler. In contrast in one or more instantembodiments, the inventors have proposed a persistent UL DNA controlchannel grant, where the grant has a duration that can last for aplurality of CQI reports or ACK/NACKs. Thus in various embodiments, T asused here denotes a duration (seconds or less and may be a function of,e.g., context or type of call (longer for voice than small data file) orconfigurable by Network or serving BS) and in some instances aperiodicity parameter (e.g., several times per second, dependent oncontext, mobility parameters, UE state). CQI reports or messages are theresults of the UE scanning a multiplicity of reference signals ondownlink channels and assessing a channel quality at the UE for thesevarious reference signals. The reference signals and reference channelsare known to the UE and are used by the UE for channel estimation, etc.The CQI information is used by the scheduler for grants to the UE inorder to insure appropriate quality of service (QoS) or reliabilityobjectives are maintained in message delivery.

Given the UL CC grant at 209, the UE responds on the UL DNA controlchannel 211 with a CQI report, i.e., transmits CQI report at X,Y whichis delivered by the BS to the scheduler as illustrated. The scheduler,given the CQI and any other relevant factors, then issues or signals ona DL control channel a down link (DL) data channel grant 213. In thisinstance the DL data channel grant is directed to the UE and indicatesin an exemplary manner that “UE #213 should decode 3 RBs at X1, MCS #6and increment power.” RB denotes resource blocks where a resource blockis a 1 mille second (ms) subframe on each of 12 contiguous (or evenlyspaced) subcarriers. In E-UTRA each 1 ms represent 14 symbols, where thenumber of bits per symbol depends on the modulation and channel codingrates. X1 denotes resource block start point. MCS denotes modulation andcoding scheme, where E-UTRA is presently considering a multiplicity(tens) of different MCS levels. An MCS level normally includes ordefines coding rate (information bits per coded bits) and a modulationtype or symbol alphabet, e.g., 16 QAM (quadrature amplitudemodulation)—where each symbol is 4 bits, and may include packet sizesand other attributes. Although not specifically shown, the actual downlink data will be sent to UE and presumably decoded.

FIG. 2 next shows a data call request being generated by the UE andtransmitted on the RACH channel 215 which is a SYNCH RACH since the UEhas already been synchronized (205, 207). Typically the call requestwill include some information that allows the scheduler to ascertainbandwidth and QoS levels needed (e.g., a voice call, data call,streaming video are dramatically different call requests). Note that thecall request may be responsive to the decoded RBs. The call request isforwarded to the BS 111 and the scheduler 107. Also as shown at 217, theUE transmits on the UL DNA control channel X, Y, a new CQI report andACKs the 3RB (referred to at 213). As will be further discussed anddescribed below the UL DNA control message at 217 is over the persistentUL DNA control channel which was granted at 209 and thus avoidssignaling overhead for a new UL DNA control channel.

The scheduler responsive to the call request and other factors (CQIreport, etc) signals the UE an uplink data channel grant on a DL controlchannel 219. The uplink channel grant as illustrated directs UE #213 totransmit 3RBs at X2 (resource block starting point) and MCS #7 and toincrease power by 1 dB. Responsive to the uplink data channel grant andin recognition that another CQI report is due and will overlap in timeat least in part with the data transmission, the UE transmits both theCQI report and Data on X2 at MCS #C7 and MCS #7, respectively, where MCS#C7 represent a control MCS for DNA control information. In essence theUE has selected a control MCS based on a predetermined rule that the UEand the scheduler know and has “piggy backed” both the DNA controlinformation and the uplink data in one message on the uplink channel oruplink data channel. This allows the UE to maintain the periodicity ofthe CQI information and use contiguous subcarriers, all withoutincurring any additional control or signaling overhead. It will beappreciated that the scheduler is free to use the resources that wouldhave been used for the persistent control channel for other purpose(dynamic grants to other UEs), during the uplink data channel timeslot(s). This and other embodiments will be further described anddiscussed below. Furthermore, after transmission of the DNA informationand data at 221, the UE sends in the next CQI report on the persistentUL DNA control channel, i.e. CQI reports is forwarded at X,Y asoriginally granted at 209. It will be appreciated that the link betweenthe scheduler 107 and the serving BS 111, although not explicitly shown,is typically a link that utilizes Internet Protocol or other protocolthat may be found in terrestrial applications, where as the link betweenthe serving BS and the UE is a wireless link utilizing an air interfacesuch as the E-UTRA interface and that the BS is all instances must makethis translation including appropriate encoding/decoding andmodulation/demodulation.

Referring to FIG. 3, a flow chart of processes for allocating controlchannels, where the processes can be executed at a scheduler or UE inaccordance with one or more embodiments will be discussed and described.FIG. 3 shows a method of allocating uplink control channels in acommunication system where a scheduler or a UE is able to forego all ora portion of the signaling that would normally be required or presentfor an uplink control channel grant. In the method of FIG. 3, thescheduler has been provided or been made aware of data (packets, files,etc.) that needs to be delivered or transported to the UE. Ordinarily inevolved systems, e.g., LTE systems, this requires the scheduler toissues one or more downlink data channel grants as well as correspondinguplink control channel grants.

In FIG. 3, the method comprises, at a resource scheduler, identifyingdata to be scheduled for transport to a user equipment (UE) 301. Thescheduler identifies resources for a downlink data channel (notspecifically shown) and initiates signaling 303 a downlink data channelgrant identifying a downlink data channel to be used by the UE for thereception of the block of data. These functions or the associatedsignaling are illustrated in FIG. 2 for a UE that starts in an idlestate by 201-207. The scheduler also undertakes reserving resources forthe downlink data channel 305 as well as, essentially concurrently,reserving resources for an uplink control channel that is dedicated foruse by the UE, where the resources for the uplink control channel arereserved for a longer time duration than the resources for the downlinkdata channel, i.e., resources are reserved for a persistent uplinkcontrol channel.

Various embodiments also include signaling 309 an uplink control channelgrant for the UE, with the uplink control channel grant including anindication of the longer time duration, thereby avoiding repetitivesignaling associated with a dynamic uplink control channel grant. InFIG. 2, this corresponds to 209 and the “T” parameter, which asdiscussed above represented a persistent uplink control channel grant.Note that additional grants were not required for the uplink controlinformation sent at 217, 223.

In some embodiments, the identifying and reserving resources for theuplink control channel is done in accordance with a predetermined ruleknown by the scheduler and the UE 307, thereby avoiding signaling to theUE that is associated with an uplink control channel grant 309 (NOSIGNALING). In these instances the scheduler can reserve resources andthe UE can utilize those same resources without an explicit indicationof or message specifying the same being sent from the scheduler to theUE. The predetermined rule can depend on or specify control channelcharacteristics including one or more of channel frequency, transmissionstart time, spreading codes, MCS levels, periodicity, the longer timeduration, etc. with any or all of these being context sensitive(dependent on type of data to be transferred to the UE or to thescheduler) or configurable by the network (via BCH) or by the servingBS. For example, the duration is likely longer for a voice type callthan for a short message delivery. Other examples will be evident tothose of ordinary skill. Furthermore, the configuration by the networkor the serving BS will allow this essentially implicit grant process tobe discontinued or otherwise limited or expanded as desired orappropriate.

In yet other embodiments, the identifying and reserving resources forthe uplink control channel can be done in accordance with apredetermined rule that is selected from a plurality of rules that areknown to the scheduler and the UE. In this instance the scheduler or BSmay need to initiate signaling an indication of the predetermined ruleor rule set to the UE 309 (SIGNALING INDICATION . . . ), however evenhere there would be limited signaling to the UE when compared to thatassociated with a full dynamic uplink control channel grant. The rulecan depend on the semi-static dimensions or physical partitioning of thededicated control channel (group of subcarriers devoted to controlchannel signaling). The rule can be dependent on the channel quality ofthe UE or the UE transmit power (e.g. higher power UE's may be allocatedcloser to the center of the band than lower power UE's).

As further illustrated in FIG. 3, the UE receives the downlink datachannel grant 311 (see FIG. 2, 213) and may receive an uplink controlchannel grant (FIG. 2, 209) or indication of the applicable rule (notspecifically shown in FIG. 2). The UE via the explicit grant or ruleindication or rule that is fully known to the UE then determines anduses the uplink control channel resources to periodically send, over theuplink control channel, data non-associated (DNA) control information.The periodically sending lasts for the longer time duration (duration ofthe grant) and is in accordance with the appropriate predetermined rulethat is known to the scheduler and the UE, thereby limiting signaling tothe UE that is associated with a full dynamic uplink control channelgrant. This is exemplified in FIG. 2, 221, where the UE sends the CQIreport at MCS level #C7, which was determined based on a rule in viewof, for example, the specified data MCS #7. Furthermore, the UEundertakes receiving and decoding the block of data over the downlinkdata channel 317 (not specifically shown in FIG. 2 but implied by theACK 3RB at 217).

Referring to FIG. 4, another flow chart of processes for allocatingcontrol channels executed at a scheduler or UE in accordance with one ormore embodiments will be discussed and described. FIG. 4 illustratesvarious embodiments including some additional processes at the schedulerand at the UE and in an exemplary manner represents one or more methodsof allocating uplink channels in a communication system. The methodillustrates, at the resource scheduler 107, receiving an uplink datacall request from a user equipment (UE) 401. FIG. 4 assumes thatsynchronization such as shown at 203-207 has already occurred or willoccur without showing such activities. Additionally, the UE may have apersistent control channel as discussed above or a persistent or dynamicuplink DNA control channel that has just lapsed (grant expired). Themethod next shows selecting a data modulation coding scheme (MCS)responsive to the uplink data call request 403. It will be appreciatedthat the Data MCS can depend on a number of factors including the typeof call, available resources, mobile capabilities/limitations, channelquality, QoS expected, etc.

The method then shows reserving resources 405 for an uplink channel oruplink data channel. The uplink channel will be used by the UE fortransmission of uplink data in accordance with the data MCS, where theuplink data corresponds to the uplink data call request. One processpursuant to reserving resources is selecting or determining a controlMCS for time overlaps between uplink data and DNA control information407. Thus the reserved resources must be sufficient for transmission ofdata non-associated (DNA) control information (e.g., CQI reports,ACK/NACKS, etc.) in accordance with the control MCS when thetransmission of the DNA control information will time overlap thetransmission of uplink data. The control MCS in one or more embodimentsis determined in accordance with one or more predetermined rules, whichare known to both the scheduler and the UE. Given the data MCS and thecontrol MCS, the method shows reserving resources for an uplink channelfor the UE transmission of uplink data and DNA control informationduring any time overlaps 409. After reserving the resources 405, themethod shows signaling an uplink channel grant identifying the uplinkchannel including the data MCS to the UE. This is illustrated in FIG. 2,219.

The method in some embodiment further comprises informing a serving basestation that the DNA control information will be received together withthe uplink data on the uplink channel during the time overlap. Since theserving base station is responsible for demodulation and decoding, itwill need to be aware of the uplink signal specifics in order to performthe proper operations and send the uplink data and DNA controlinformation to the proper entities, e.g., normally the scheduler.

In some embodiments, the control MCS can be determined in accordancewith a predetermined rule that is relatively straightforward, i.e., thecontrol MCS is selected based on the data MCS. Thus for a given a dataMCS, select corresponding control MCS. Thus if the data MCS is #7, thecontrol MCS is #C7, as illustrated in FIG. 2, 221. In many systems, inthe interest of simplifying the air interface, the modulation techniquemust be the same for each transmission, i.e., for a given data MCS a QAMlevel is specified and any DNA control information must also be sent atthat QAM level. However the coding rate can vary between the data andthe DNA control information, e.g. the data may be coded at a ⅚ rate andthe DNA control may be at a ⅓ rate.

In other embodiments, the control MCS is determined in accordance with apredetermined rule and, e.g., can be selected based on the DNA controlinformation, e.g., content of this information or relative importance orthe like. For example as illustrated in FIG. 2, 221 the control MCS isselected as MCS #C7, when the uplink transmission includes a CQI report.If the DNA control information to be transmitted at 221 was an ACK/NACK,the rule could indicate that the appropriate control MCS was, e.g., MCS#C4 or the like, i.e., a different MCS based on the content or relativeimportance of the DNA control information (ACK/NACKs may be viewed asrelatively more important than CQI reports).

In still other embodiments, the control MCS is determined in accordancewith a predetermined rule that is selected in accordance with onepredetermined rule from a plurality of rules. For example, the controlMCS determined in accordance with one predetermined rule from aplurality of rules can be selected based on the data MCS and furtherbased on the amount, type, or significance of the DNA controlinformation. For example one instance or application of selecting orapplying one rule from a plurality of rules is: use control MCS #C7 (at221) given a data MCS #7 when the type or extent of the DNA controlinformation exceeds some threshold (CQI report is normally more lengthythan ACK/NACKs), whereas MCS #C4 is selected in view of the data MCSbeing MCS #7 and further in view of an ACK/NACK to be transferred. Itwill be appreciated that the predetermined rules can consider otherattributes in addition to the data MCS and DNA control information,e.g., packet sizes, reliability requirements (QoS), transmit powers,target power spectral density (PSD), etc.

The method of FIG. 4 when viewed at the UE, can include one or more ofsending the uplink data call request 415 (see FIG. 2, 215), andreceiving the uplink channel grant identifying the uplink channel andthe data MCS 417 (see FIG. 2, 219). When the UE has DNA controlinformation to transmit during the transmission of the uplink data,selecting the control MCS based on the known one or more predeterminedrules 419 and transmitting the DNA control information in accordancewith the control MCS and the uplink data in accordance with the data MCSon the uplink channel 421. This is illustrated in FIG. 2, 221, where theuplink data and DNA control information are “piggy backed” on the sameuplink channel.

In various embodiments, the method at the UE where the selecting thecontrol MCS based on the predetermined rule can include selecting afirst control MCS when the DNA control information comprises a channelquality indication (CQI) and selecting a second control MCS when thedata non-associated control information comprises ACK/NACKs, where thefirst and second control MCS can further depend on other factors asnoted above. Furthermore, the particular technique used in transmittingthe DNA control information on the uplink channel can vary in accordancewith a known rule. For example, the UE in formatting the uplinktransmission can append the channel quality indications to the uplinkdata, whereas it may insert the ACK/NACKs into the uplink data.Appending means that the coded CQI information is appended to the codeduplink data, while inserting means that the coded ACK/NACK is insertedat selected locations in the coded uplink data (coded uplink data ispunctured or overwritten and error correction is used to recover thedata). Again the specifics depend on having known rules or algorithms atthe scheduler so appropriate resources are reserved and granted and atthe UE so the transmission is appropriately formatted.

Referring to FIG. 5, a further flow chart of processes for allocatingcontrol channels executed at a scheduler or UE in accordance with one ormore embodiments will be discussed and described. FIG. 5 illustrates asituation, such as depicted in one embodiment in FIG. 2 where a UE isgranted a persistent uplink control channel as well as other newprocesses. The discussion here will be more or less in summary form,where the essential concepts and underlying implementation details havebeen previously discussed.

In FIG. 5 a method at a resource scheduler of allocating uplink channelsin a communication system is shown. The method includes signaling apersistent uplink control channel grant to a user equipment (UE) 501(see FIG. 2, 209), where the persistent control channel is for use bythe UE for transmission of data non-associated (DNA) control information(CQI, ACK/NACKs). The method further illustrates receiving an uplinkdata call request from the UE 503 (see FIG. 2, 215). Selecting a datamodulation coding scheme (MCS) responsive to the uplink data callrequest and the DNA control information that will be concurrentlytransmitted by the UE is illustrated at 506. Next, the method showsreserving resources for an uplink channel 507 (see above 405) to be usedby the UE for transmission of uplink data in accordance with the dataMCS, where the uplink data corresponds to the uplink data call request.Since the resources must be sufficient for transmission of the DNAcontrol information in accordance with a control MCS when thetransmission of the DNA control information will be concurrent with thetransmission of uplink data, the reservation activity includesdetermining the control MCS 509. The control MCS is determined inaccordance with a predetermined rule known to the scheduler and the UEfor concurrent DNA control information transmission (see above 409) andmay depend on various factors including the data MCS and amount of DNAcontrol information as well as others noted above. After determining thecontrol MCS, reserving the resources for the uplink channel is performed511 (see above 409). The method of FIG. 5 further illustrates signalingan uplink channel grant identifying the uplink channel including thedata MCS to the UE 513 (see FIG. 2, 219 and above discussion).

Furthermore, in some embodiments in accordance with the method of FIG.5, the scheduler can operate to de-reserve or relinquish resources forthe persistent uplink control channel for the duration of the uplinkchannel grant, thereby allowing those resources to be available for agrant to another UE during this time frame 515. As noted in othermethods, the FIG. 5 method can include informing a serving base stationthat the DNA control information will be received using the control MCStogether with the uplink data using the data MCS on the uplink channelfor the duration of the uplink channel grant.

As illustrated in FIG. 5, at the UE, the method includes receiving thepersistent uplink control channel grant 519 and periodically sending CQIreports or ACK/NACKs on this uplink control channel 521. The UE whenneeded sends an uplink data call request 523 and responsive theretoreceives an uplink channel grant with a data MCS 525. The UE selects acontrol MCS in accordance with above discussions (see 419) and transmitsthe uplink data and DNA control information (see 421). In someembodiments, the predetermined rule for selecting the control MCS mayallow the UE to use variable rate or flexible rate coding either for theDNA control information or the uplink data. The general idea is that inpresent systems, such as E-UTRA systems, the granularity of ResourceBlocks (RBs) as well as MCS levels means that the coded signal seldomfills up the entire RB grant. Thus a UE can apply variable rate codingto, e.g., the DNA control information, and essentially add a higherdegree of error correction capability to this information, where therate is controlled by the capacity of the RB grant. Again the UE and thescheduler must know the rule, in order to apply this notion.

Referring to FIG. 6, processes for allocating control channels executedat a UE in accordance with one or more embodiments will be discussed anddescribed. Much of these discussions is a review of some of the aboveconcepts where details have been discussed. FIG. 6 illustrates a methodat a user equipment of choosing an uplink control channel in acommunication system, e.g., E-UTRA system. The method includes receivinga persistent uplink control channel grant 601, where the persistentcontrol channel is for use by the UE for transmission of datanon-associated (DNA) control information and receiving an uplink datachannel grant including a data MCS 603, where the grant can overlap atleast a portion of the persistent control channel grant. The methodfurther includes mapping the data MCS to a control MCS based on apredetermined rule known to the UE and a resource scheduler 605 andtransmitting uplink data in accordance with the data MCS and DNA controlinformation in accordance with the control MCS on the uplink datachannel.

In various embodiments, the mapping the data MCS to a control MCS basedon a predetermined rule further comprises selecting the control MCSbased on the data MCS and the type of DNA control information and mayinclude other factors (see above) in the mapping procedure or rule.

In some embodiments, the transmitting uplink data in accordance with thedata MCS and DNA control information in accordance with the control MCSon the uplink data channel further comprises appending a channel qualityindication (CQI) report coded in accordance with a first control MCS tothe uplink data coded in accordance with the data MCS and insertingACK/NACKS coded in accordance with a second control MCS into the uplinkdata coded in accordance with the data MCS.

It will be appreciated that the above described functions andmethodologies may be repeated as needed and may be practiced in variousresource schedulers taking various forms as well as various UEs.

The processes, apparatus, and systems, discussed above, and theinventive principles thereof are intended to and can alleviate or reduceoverhead associated with some uplink control channel grants as proposedor utilized by prior art techniques.

This disclosure is intended to explain how to fashion and use variousembodiments in accordance with the invention rather than to limit thetrue, intended, and fair scope and spirit thereof. The foregoingdescription is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the inventionto the precise form disclosed. Modifications or variations are possiblein light of the above teachings. The embodiment(s) was chosen anddescribed to provide the best illustration of the principles of theinvention and its practical application, and to enable one of ordinaryskill in the art to utilize the invention in various embodiments andwith various modifications as are suited to the particular usecontemplated. All such modifications and variations are within the scopeof the invention as determined by the appended claims, as may be amendedduring the pendency of this application for patent, and all equivalentsthereof, when interpreted in accordance with the breadth to which theyare fairly, legally, and equitably entitled.

What is claimed is:
 1. A user equipment (UE), comprising: at least one antenna; and one or more processors in communication with the at least one antenna, wherein the one or more processors are configured to: receive, via the at least one antenna, an uplink channel grant identifying uplink data channel resources including a data modulation coding scheme (MCS), wherein the uplink data channel resources are sufficient for transmission of data non-associated (DNA) control information when a transmission of the DNA control information time overlaps a transmission of uplink data; and transmit, via the at least one antenna, the uplink data and the DNA control information in accordance with the data MCS and one or more control MCS for the DNA control information on the uplink data channel resources; wherein, when the DNA control information comprises channel quality indication (CQI) information, the one or more processors are configured to: select a first control MCS for the CQI information; and append the CQI information to uplink data on the uplink data channel resources; wherein, when the DNA control information comprises one or more acknowledgment/non-acknowledgements (ACK/NACKs), the one or more processors are configured to: select a second control MCS for the one or more ACK/NACKs; and insert the one or more ACK/NACKs into the uplink data by overwriting a portion of the uplink data on the uplink data channel resources.
 2. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: transmit, via the at least one antenna, information that the DNA control information will be transmitted together with the uplink data on the uplink channel during the time overlap.
 3. The UE of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more control MCS is determined based on the data MCS.
 4. The UE of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more control MCS is determined based on an amount of the DNA control information.
 5. The UE of claim 1, wherein the uplink channel grant is received in response to a previously sent uplink data call request.
 6. The UE of claim 1, wherein the CQI information is determined from scanning a multiplicity of reference signals and assessing a channel quality based on the multiplicity of reference signals.
 7. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: receive, via the at least one antenna, a persistent control channel grant, wherein the persistent control channel grant comprises a periodicity parameter and persistent uplink control channel resources; and transmit, via the at least one antenna, one or more periodic transmissions of the DNA control information using the persistent uplink control channel resources, wherein the time overlap is the result of the transmission of the DNA control information on the persistent uplink control channel resources occurring in the same subframe as and the transmission of uplink data.
 8. A user equipment (UE), comprising: at least one antenna; and one or more processors in communication with the at least one antenna, wherein the one or more processors are configured to: receive, via the at least one antenna, an uplink channel grant identifying uplink data channel resources including a data modulation coding scheme (MCS), wherein the uplink data channel resources are sufficient for transmission of data non-associated (DNA) control information when the transmission of the DNA control information time overlaps transmission of uplink data; and transmit, via the at least one antenna, the uplink data and the DNA control information in accordance with the data MCS and one or more control MCS for the DNA control information on the uplink data channel resources; wherein, when the DNA control information comprises channel quality indication (CQI) information, the one or more processors are configured to: select a first control MCS for the CQI information, wherein the first control MCS is based at least in part on the data MCS; and append the CQI information to uplink data on the uplink data channel resources.
 9. The UE of claim 8, wherein, when the DNA control information comprises one or more acknowledgment/non-acknowledgements (ACK/NACKs), the one or more processors are further configured to: select a second control MCS for the one or more ACK/NACKs; and insert the one or more ACK/NACKs into the uplink data by overwriting some of the uplink data on the uplink data channel resources.
 10. The UE of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: transmit, via the at least one antenna, information that the DNA control information will be transmitted together with the uplink data on the uplink channel during the time overlap.
 11. The UE of claim 8, wherein the one or more control MCS are determined based on an amount of the DNA control information.
 12. The UE of claim 8, wherein the uplink channel grant is received in response to a previously sent uplink data call request.
 13. The UE of claim 8, wherein the CQI information is determined from scanning a multiplicity of reference signals and assessing a channel quality based on the multiplicity of reference signals.
 14. The UE of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to; receive, via the at least one antenna, a persistent control channel grant, wherein the persistent control channel grant comprises a periodicity parameter and persistent uplink control channel resources; and transmit, via the at least one antenna, one or more periodic transmissions of the DNA control information using the persistent uplink control channel resources, wherein the time overlap is the result of the transmission of the DNA control information on the persistent uplink control channel resources occurring in the same subframe as and the transmission of uplink data.
 15. An apparatus, comprising: a memory; and one or more integrated circuits in communication with the memory, wherein the one or more integrated circuits are configured to: receive an uplink channel grant identifying uplink data channel resources including a data modulation coding scheme (MCS), wherein the uplink data channel resources are sufficient for transmission of data non-associated (DNA) control information when the transmission of the DNA control information time overlaps transmission of uplink data; and generate instructions to transmit the uplink data and the DNA control information in accordance with the data MCS and one or more control MCS for the DNA control information on the uplink data channel resources; wherein, when the DNA control information comprises channel quality indication (CQI) information, the one or more processors are configured to: select a first control MCS for the CQI information, wherein the first control MCS is based at least in part on the data MCS; and append the CQI information to uplink data on the uplink data channel resources.
 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein, when the DNA control information comprises one or more acknowledgment/non-acknowledgements (ACK/NACKs), the one or more processors are further configured to: select a second control MCS for the one or more ACK/NACKs; and insert the one or more ACK/NACKs into the uplink data by overwriting some of the uplink data on the uplink data channel resources.
 17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more integrated circuits are further configured to: generate instructions to transmit information that the DNA control information will be transmitted together with the uplink data on the uplink channel during the time overlap.
 18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more control MCS are determined based on an amount of the DNA control information.
 19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the uplink channel grant is received in response to a previously sent uplink data call request.
 20. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the CQI information is determined from scanning a multiplicity of reference signals and assessing a channel quality based on the multiplicity of reference signals. 